Simple Guide to Installing Solar Panels at Home

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If you’re dealing with frequent power cuts or want to lower your monthly electricity bills, installing solar panels on your roof is a great solution. But how do you go about it? This guide will walk you through the process of installing solar panels, the tools you’ll need, and how to do it safely.

off grid solar panel installation process

Step 1: Gather the Solar System Components

First, inspect the installation area on your roof. You'll want to ensure the panels can face south, the rooftop is strong enough, and there’s room for wiring and cleaning. If everything checks out, it’s time to gather the necessary solar products like PV modules (the panels themselves), an inverter, batteries (if needed), and other balance of system (BoS) materials.

Si. No.	Components	1kW	3kW	5kW
1	Solar Panel	✓	✓	✓
2	Inverter	✓	✓	✓
3	Battery	✓	✓	✓
4	Panel Stand	✓	✓	✓
5	DC Wire	✓	✓	✓
6	AC Wire	✓	✓	✓
7	MC4 Connector	✓	✓	✓
8	DCDB	✘	✓	✓
9	ACDB	✘	✓	✓
10	Earthing Kit	✘	✓	✓
11	Lighting Arrestor	✘	✓	✓

12	Cable Tray	✘	✓	✓
13	PVC Pipe	✓	✓	✓
14	Civil Materials	✓	✓	✓

Step 2: Move Materials to the Rooftop

Next, carefully move the solar panels and other materials to the roof. A single solar panel can weigh around 32 kg, so handle it with care to avoid damage. If you’re installing a small system, you can use manpower to lift the panels. For larger projects, you might need equipment like a chain pulley system.

Step 3: Install the Mounting Structure

While some team members lift the materials, others can start setting up the mounting structure. Make sure the front and back legs are correctly positioned, with the small leg at the front and the large leg at the back. Use M10 fasteners to secure the structure to the roof.

Step 4: Attach the Solar Panels

Once the mounting structure is in place, carefully attach the solar panels using nuts and bolts. Ensure each panel is securely fastened to the structure.

Step 5: Install the Inverter

After the panels are in place, install the solar inverter, which converts the solar energy into electricity for your home. The inverter should be placed in a sheltered area away from direct sunlight and rain, at a height of about 5 to 6 feet from the ground.

Step 6: Install the Battery (If Needed)

If you’re setting up an off-grid or hybrid system, you’ll need to install a battery. For grid-connected systems, a battery isn’t required. If you have a lead-acid battery, you’ll connect it in series, but for lithium batteries, this isn’t necessary.

Step 7: Install DCDB & ACDB

Install the DC Distribution Box (DCDB) and AC Distribution Box (ACDB) near the inverter. These boxes help manage the flow of electricity between your panels, inverter, and home. Position the DCDB to the left and the ACDB to the right of the inverter, about 1.5 feet apart.

Step 8: Install the Lightning Arrester & Earthing Kit

A lightning arrester and earthing kit are essential for safety. These components protect your system from lightning strikes and ensure everything is grounded. For grid-connected systems, you’ll need three separate earthing setups: one for the DCDB, one for the inverter and ACDB, and one for the lightning arrester.

Step 9: Complete the Wiring

With the physical installation done, it’s time to connect the wiring. This step should be handled by an expert as it involves connecting various wires from the solar panels, government electricity board, and your home’s load. Ensure all connections are secure.

Step 10: Test the System

Finally, test the system to ensure everything is working properly. For an on-grid system, this involves checking the connection to the electricity meter. For off-grid or hybrid systems, you’ll also need to test the load distribution. After testing, clean up the rooftop and inverter area.

Tools You’ll Need

To install a rooftop solar system, you’ll need various tools, including wrenches, drills, fasteners, and safety gear. Make sure you have everything on hand before starting the installation.

Si. No.	List of Solar Tools
1	Measurement Tape
2	Clamp Meter (AC/DC both)
3	Drill Machine
4	Welding Machine
5	Keys
6	Small DG Set (Remote Area)
7	Pliers
8	Screw Driver
9	Wire Stripper
10	Wire Cutter
11	Cripting Tool
12	Water Balance Tool
13	Hamer
14	Lighter
15	Chain Pully
16	Campas & Title Angle Checker App
17	Caps
18	Glubs
19	Safety Belt
20	Safety Shoes

Skills Required

Installing a solar panel system requires technical skills, which are often taught in vocational courses like ITI or engineering degrees. Experience in electrical work is a big plus.

Education	ITI/B.Tech
Experince	1 Yrs. or 5 Sites
Certification	Company/Government
Age	18+
Geneder	Male/Female

Conclusion

This guide is designed to help newcomers understand the basics of installing rooftop solar panels. With India’s goal to generate 500 GW of electricity from renewable sources by 2030, solar energy plays a crucial role. Companies like Loom Solar are leading the way in providing the latest solar technology across the country.